Child labor

Child labor 

Child labor refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations. Law all across the world prohibit child labor but no country is free of child labor till date. In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labor is the major problem. If we visit many of African and Asian countries we could see young boys and girls are work in hotel as a cleaner, farm as a labor, industrial worker, street sweeter, house worker and so on. The main reason this is child are cheap source of labor, their demands are not high little fooding and clothing are enough for them and the can be easily dominated.

Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking 

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines human trafficking as "the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation." Although all countries are affected as source or destination countries, developing countries tend to be source countries for developed nations. According to the International Labor Organization, around 2.4 million people—overwhelmingly women and girls—are currently in forced labor as a result of trafficking, creating a 32 billion USD industry worldwide. Around 1.2 million victims of trafficking are minors: around 43% are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation while 32% are for involuntary servitude, and 25% for a mixture of both. Lots of NGO, INGO are working against trafficking in different countries still lots of human are trafficked every year. For example Human trafficking in Nepal is a serious concern. Nepal is mainly a source country for men, women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. The Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP) compiled by the US State Department rates Nepal as Tier 2, the explanation of which is “the government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so.”

Violation against Woman

Violation against Woman

The phrase violence against women is a term refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. The United nation General Assembly defines "violence against women" as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." Worldwide governments and organizations actively work to combat violence against women through a variety of programs.

Some historians believe that the history of violence against women is tied to the history of women being viewed as property and a gender role assigned to be subservient to men and also other women. And that may be the reason why women are violated more in undeveloped and under developed countries.

 The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women in 1993 and declaration  states that "violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of the full advancement of women, and that violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.”  

Social Responsibility

Social responsibility

Social responsibility is an ethical matters Social responsibility is a duty every individual or organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystem.. It pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone whose any action impacts the environment and society This responsibility can be passive, by avoiding engaging in socially harmful acts, or active, by performing activities that directly advance social goals. It is morally binding on everyone to act in such a way that the people immediately around them are not adversely affected. It is a commitment everyone has towards the society contributing towards social, cultural and ecological causes. It is based on an individual’s ethics. As individuals we can make our small contributions to society by donating money to trustworthy NGO’s, saving our resources by reducing our consumption, e.g. by switching off lights or computers when not in use. A human not a human unless he is responsible to the society in which he is living.

Society and its Types

Society

Human is a social animal. From the very beginning it always loves to live in groups. A society is a group of people for different back grounds (gender, cast, religion, political authority, culture, economic status, education status etc) sharing the same geographical or social territory. As person and person makes a family in the same way society and society males a county. So society is a major indicator of wellness or illness of a country.

Types of societies

Humans have established many types of societies throughout history, anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages such as resources, prestige, or power. Sociologists place societies in three broad categories: pre-industrial, industrial, and postindustrial.

Pre-industrial societies

In a pre-industrial society, food production, which is carried out through the use of human and animal labor, is the main economic activity. These societies can be subdivided according to their level of technology and their method of producing food. These subdivisions are hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, and feudal.

Industrial societies:- Between the 15th and 16th centuries, a new economic system emerged that began to replace feudalism. Capitalism that means open competition in a free market, in which the means of production are privately owned. Europe's exploration of the America served as one movement for the development of capitalism. The introduction of foreign metals, silks, and spices stimulated great commercial activity in European societies.

Large number and types of machines were invented in this era. This produced further increases in efficiency. The increased efficiency of production brought  industrial revolution.The production became even greater surplus than before. Now the surplus was not just agricultural goods, but also manufactured goods. The cost got reduced and the production is available to every one at reasonable price.Once again, the population boomed. In this society  inequality became even greater than before. The breakup of agricultural-based feudal societies caused many people to leave the land and seek employment in cities. This created a great surplus of labor and gave capitalists plenty of laborers who could be hired for extremely low wages.

Post-industrial societies:-Postindustrial societies are societies dominated by information, services, and high technology more than the production of goods. Advanced industrial societies are now seeing a shift toward an increase in service sectors over manufacturing and production. The U.S. is the first country to have over half of its work force employed in service industries. Service industries include government, research, education, health, sales, law, banking, and so on. It is still too early to identify and understand all the ramifications this new kind of society will have for social life. In fact, even the phrase "postindustrial" belies the fact that we don't yet quite know what will follow industrial societies or the forms they will take.